Mathematical and Physical Constants in Calcumber

Calcumber includes many predefined mathematical and physical constants that can be used directly in calculations.

Mathematical Constants

pi    # circle constant 3.1415927
e     # Euler's number 2.7182818
phi   # golden ratio 1.6180340
gamma # Euler-Mascheroni constant 0.57721566
zeta3 # Apéry's constant = ζ(3) 1.2020569

Source: Wikipedia article List of mathematical constants .

Physical Constants

c      # speed of light in vacuum 2.9979246e8 m/s
g      # standard gravity 9.80665 m/s2
G      # Newtonian constant of gravity 6.6743e-11 m3/(kg*s2)
R      # molar gas constant 8.3144626 J/(mol*K)
N_A    # Avogadro constant 6.0221408e23 1/mol
k_B    # Boltzmann constant 1.380649e-23 J/K
h      # Planck constant 6.6260702e-34 J*s
h_bar  # reduced Planck constant (ħ = h / 2π) 1.0545718e-34 J*s
eps0   # vacuum permittivity (electric constant) 8.8541878e-12 F/m
mu0    # vacuum permeability (magnetic constant) 1.2566371e-6 N/A2
Q_e    # elementary charge 1.6021766e-19 C
m_e    # electron mass 9.1093837e-31 kg
m_p    # proton mass 1.6726219e-27 kg
m_n    # neutron mass 1.6749275e-27 kg
alpha  # fine-structure constant 0.0072973526
Ry     # Rydberg constant (energy form) 2.1798724e-18 J
sigma  # Stefan-Boltzmann constant 5.6703744e-8 W/(m2*K4)
b_wien # Wien's displacement constant 0.0028977720 m*K

Source: Wikipedia article List of physical constants .

Backup

If you assign a new value to a predefined constant, the original value remains available through a backup variable prefixed with an underscore (_pi, _c, ...).

g = 9.81 m/s^2  # if you prefer this value 9.81 m/s2
_g              # there is a backup 9.80665 m/s2

Modifying and Restoring

Constants are normal variables.  
You may assign new values:  
pi = 3 3
(5 m)^2*pi 75 m2
   
All constants have a backup starting with '_':  
_pi 3.1415927
(5 m)^2*_pi 78.539816 m2
   
Restore:  
pi = _pi 3.1415927